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incandescent lighting

  • 1 освещение лампами накаливания

    * * *

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > освещение лампами накаливания

  • 2 освещение лампами накаливания

    1. incandescent lighting

     

    освещение лампами накаливания
    —
    [Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999]

    Тематики

    • электротехника, основные понятия

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > освещение лампами накаливания

  • 3 лампа накаливания

    Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > лампа накаливания

  • 4 Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson

    [br]
    b. 31 October 1828 Sunderland, England
    d. 27 May 1914 Warlingham, Surrey, England
    [br]
    English chemist, inventor in Britain of the incandescent electric lamp and of photographic processes.
    [br]
    At the age of 14 Swan was apprenticed to a Sunderland firm of druggists, later joining John Mawson who had opened a pharmacy in Newcastle. While in Sunderland Swan attended lectures at the Athenaeum, at one of which W.E. Staite exhibited electric-arc and incandescent lighting. The impression made on Swan prompted him to conduct experiments that led to his demonstration of a practical working lamp in 1879. As early as 1848 he was experimenting with carbon as a lamp filament, and by 1869 he had mounted a strip of carbon in a vessel exhausted of air as completely as was then possible; however, because of residual air, the filament quickly failed.
    Discouraged by the cost of current from primary batteries and the difficulty of achieving a good vacuum, Swan began to devote much of his attention to photography. With Mawson's support the pharmacy was expanded to include a photographic business. Swan's interest in making permanent photographic records led him to patent the carbon process in 1864 and he discovered how to make a sensitive dry plate in place of the inconvenient wet collodian process hitherto in use. He followed this success with the invention of bromide paper, the subject of a British patent in 1879.
    Swan resumed his interest in electric lighting. Sprengel's invention of the mercury pump in 1865 provided Swan with the means of obtaining the high vacuum he needed to produce a satisfactory lamp. Swan adopted a technique which was to become an essential feature in vacuum physics: continuing to heat the filament during the exhaustion process allowed the removal of absorbed gases. The inventions of Gramme, Siemens and Brush provided the source of electrical power at reasonable cost needed to make the incandescent lamp of practical service. Swan exhibited his lamp at a meeting in December 1878 of the Newcastle Chemical Society and again the following year before an audience of 700 at the Newcastle Literary and Philosophical Society. Swan's failure to patent his invention immediately was a tactical error as in November 1879 Edison was granted a British patent for his original lamp, which, however, did not go into production. Parchmentized thread was used in Swan's first commercial lamps, a material soon superseded by the regenerated cellulose filament that he developed. The cellulose filament was made by extruding a solution of nitro-cellulose in acetic acid through a die under pressure into a coagulating fluid, and was used until the ultimate obsolescence of the carbon-filament lamp. Regenerated cellulose became the first synthetic fibre, the further development and exploitation of which he left to others, the patent rights for the process being sold to Courtaulds.
    Swan also devised a modification of Planté's secondary battery in which the active material was compressed into a cellular lead plate. This has remained the central principle of all improvements in secondary cells, greatly increasing the storage capacity for a given weight.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1904. FRS 1894. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1898. First President, Faraday Society 1904. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1904. Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881.
    Bibliography
    2 January 1880, British patent no. 18 (incandescent electric lamp).
    24 May 1881, British patent no. 2,272 (improved plates for the Planté cell).
    1898, "The rise and progress of the electrochemical industries", Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 27:8–33 (Swan's Presidential Address to the Institution of Electrical Engineers).
    Further Reading
    M.E.Swan and K.R.Swan, 1968, Sir Joseph Wilson Swan F.R.S., Newcastle upon Tyne (a detailed account).
    R.C.Chirnside, 1979, "Sir Joseph Swan and the invention of the electric lamp", IEE
    Electronics and Power 25:96–100 (a short, authoritative biography).
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Swan, Sir Joseph Wilson

  • 5 освещение

    illumination, lighting, light
    * * *
    освеще́ние с.
    1. ( устройство освещения) illumination, lighting
    2. ( свет) light
    3. ( воздействие света) exposure to light
    авари́йное освеще́ние — emergency lighting
    ве́рхнее освеще́ние — overhead lighting
    вну́треннее освеще́ние — interior lighting
    встро́енное освеще́ние — built-in [integral] lighting
    освеще́ние гологра́ммы — hologram illumination
    декорати́вное освеще́ние — decorative lighting
    дневно́е освеще́ние — daylight illumination
    доро́жное освеще́ние — highway lighting
    есте́ственное освеще́ние — natural lighting
    освеще́ние залива́ющим све́том — flood-lighting
    и́мпульсное освеще́ние — flash light, flash illumination
    индивидуа́льное освеще́ние — individual lighting
    иску́сственное освеще́ние — artificial lighting
    киносъё́мочное освеще́ние — motion-picture set lighting
    ко́нтровое освеще́ние кфт. — back lighting
    освеще́ние ла́мпами нака́ливания — incandescent lighting
    люминесце́нтное освеще́ние — fluorescent lighting
    ме́стное освеще́ние — local lighting
    мя́гкое освеще́ние — soft light
    напра́вленное освеще́ние — directional lighting
    нару́жное освеще́ние — exterior [outdoor] lighting
    неактини́чное освеще́ние кфт. — safe light
    о́бщее освеще́ние — general lighting
    освеще́ние обще́ственных мест — public lighting
    опера́торское освеще́ние кфт. — set lighting
    освеще́ние отражё́нным све́том — indirect lighting
    освеще́ние полуотражё́нным све́том — semi-indirect lighting
    потоло́чное освеще́ние — overhead illumination
    промы́шленное освеще́ние — industrial lighting
    освеще́ние прямы́м све́том — direct lighting
    освеще́ние рассе́янным све́том — diffuse lighting
    рекла́мное освеще́ние — display lighting
    у́личное освеще́ние — street lighting
    освеще́ние фотолаборато́рии — room illumination

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > освещение

  • 6 освещение

    1. с. illumination, lighting
    2. с. light
    3. с. exposure to light
    4. illuminating
    Синонимический ряд:
    озарение (сущ.) озарение; осияние
    Антонимический ряд:

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > освещение

  • 7 освещение

    1) elucidation

    2) <engin.> exposure
    3) illumination
    4) light
    5) lighting
    – аварийное освещение
    – верхнее освещение
    – внутреннее освещение
    – встроенное освещение
    – декоративное освещение
    – дневное освещение
    – дорожное освещение
    – естественное освещение
    – импульсное освещение
    – индивидуальное освещение
    – искусственное освещение
    – киносъемочное освещение
    – контровое освещение
    – люминесцентное освещение
    – местное освещение
    – направленное освещение
    – наружное освещение
    – неактиничное освещение
    – операторское освещение
    – освещение голограммы
    – потолочное освещение
    – промышленное освещение
    – рекламное освещение
    – уличное освещение

    освещение заливающим светом — flood-lighting


    освещение лампами накаливания — incandescent lighting


    освещение общественных мест — public lighting


    освещение отраженным светом — indirect lighting


    освещение полуотраженным светом — semi-indirect lighting


    освещение прямым светом — direct lighting


    полное равномерное освещение — full-scy illumination

    Русско-английский технический словарь > освещение

  • 8 освещение лампами накаливания

    1) Engineering: incandescent lighting
    2) Agriculture: incandescent light
    3) Construction: tungsten lighting

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > освещение лампами накаливания

  • 9 освещение лампой накаливания

    1) Polygraphy: tungsten lighting

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > освещение лампой накаливания

  • 10 Glühlampenbeleuchtung

    f < licht> ■ incandescent lighting

    German-english technical dictionary > Glühlampenbeleuchtung

  • 11 Staite, William Edwards

    [br]
    b. 19 April 1809 Bristol, England
    d. 26 September 1854 Caen, France
    [br]
    English inventor who did much to popularize electric lighting in early Victorian England and demonstrated the first self-regulating arc lamp.
    [br]
    Before devoting the whole of his attention to the electric light, Staite was a partner in a business of iron merchants and patented a method of obtaining extracts and essences. From 1834 he attempted to produce a continuous light by electricity. The first public exhibition of Staite's arc lamp incorporating a fixed-rate clockwork mechanism was given in 1847 to the Sunderland Literary and Philosophical Society. He also demonstrated an incandescent lamp with an iridioplatinum filament. Sir Joseph Wilson Swan recorded that it was attending lectures by Staite in Sunderland, Newcastle and Carlisle that started him on the quest which many years later was to lead to his incandescent lamp.
    In association with William Petrie (1821–1904), Staite made an important advance in the development of arc lamps by introducing automatic regulation of the carbon rods by way of an electromagnet. This was the first of many self-regulating arc lamps that were invented during the nineteenth century employing this principle. A contributory factor in the success of Staite's lamp was the semi enclosure of the arc in a transparent vessel that reduced the consumption of carbons, a feature not used again until the 1890s. His patents included processes for preparing carbons and the construction of primary cells for arc lighting. An improved lamp used by Staite in a theatrical production at Her Majesty's Theatre, London, in April 1849 may be considered the first commercial success of the electric light in England. In spite of the limitations imposed by the use of primary cells as the only available source of power, serious interest in this system of electric lighting was shown by railway companies and dock authorities. However, after he had developed a satisfactory arc lamp, an end to these early experiments was brought about by Staite's death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    July 1847, British patent no. 1,1783 (electromagnetic regulation of an arc lamp).
    His manuscript "History of electric light" is in the Institution of Electrical Engineers archives.
    Further Reading
    J.J.Fahie, 1902, "Staite and Petrie's electric light 1846–1853", Electrical Engineer 30:297–301, 337–40, 374–6 (a detailed reliable account).
    G.Woodward, 1989, "Staite and Petrie: pioneers of electric lighting", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 136 (Part A): 290–6 GW

    Biographical history of technology > Staite, William Edwards

  • 12 светильник

    m

    светильник в боковом коридоре

    —
    FRA lampe f de couloir
    DEU Glühlampe f für Seitengang m
    ITA lampada f del corridoio
    PLN lampa f korytarzowa
    RUS светильник m в боковом коридоре
    см. поз. 2002 на

    светильник, 2-х ламповый, для туалета

    —
    FRA applique f de toilette, à 2 lampes à incandescence
    DEU Abortleuchte f mit 2 Glühlampen
    ITA applique f di toletta a due lampade ad incandescenza
    PLN lampa f toaletowa na 2 żarówki
    RUS светильник m, 2-х ламповый, для туалета
    см. поз. 2163 на

    светильник, потолочный одноламповый, для тамбура и бокового коридора

    —
    FRA plafonnier m de plateforme et couloir, à 1 lampe à incandescence
    DEU Deckenleuchte f mit 1 Glühlampe für Vorraum und Seitengang
    ITA plafoniera f di vestibolo e corridoio ad una lampada a incandescenza
    PLN lampa f sufitowa korytarzowa na 1 żarówkę
    RUS светильник m, потолочный одноламповый, для тамбура и бокового коридора
    см. поз. 2162 на

    светильник, потолочный, 2-х ламповый для купе

    —
    FRA plafonnier m de compartiment à 2 lampes à incandescence
    DEU Deckenleuchte f mit 2 Glühlampen für Abteil
    ITA plafoniera f di compartimento a 2 lampade ad incandescenza
    PLN lampa f sufitowa przedziałowa na 2 żarówki
    RUS светильник m, потолочный, 2-х ламповый для купе
    см. поз. 2161 на

    светильник, потолочный, люминесцентный

    —
    FRA lampe f à éclairage fluorescent
    ITA lampada f ad illuminazione fluorescente
    PLN lampa f jarzeniowa
    RUS светильник m, потолочный, люминесцентный
    см. поз. 2160 на

    FRA plafonnier m pour lampe fluorescente
    DEU Einbauleuchte f für Leuchtstofflampe f
    ITA plafoniera f per lampada fluorescente
    PLN lampa f sufitowa jarzeniowa
    RUS светильник m, потолочный, люминесцентный
    см. поз. 2164 на

    Иллюстрированный железнодорожный словарь > светильник

  • 13 Lampe

    f DIN 5039,5040 < licht> (allg.; z.B. Glüh- od. Glimmlampe, Neonröhre, Gasentladungslampe) ■ lamp
    f DIN 5039 < licht> ■ lamp
    f prakt < licht> (mit Glühfaden; im Ggs. zu Leuchstoff-, Gasentladungslampen) ■ incandescent lamp; incandescent filament lamp form ; lamp pract ; light bulb coll ; bulb coll
    f ugs <licht.innen> (allg.; z.B. Decken-, Wand-, Steh-, Tischleuchte) ■ light; luminaire BS 5489
    f ugs <licht.innen> (fest installiert; z.B. Decken-, Wandleuchte) ■ lighting fixture; lighting fitting; light coll

    German-english technical dictionary > Lampe

  • 14 Hammond, Robert

    [br]
    b. 19 January 1850 Waltham Cross, England
    d. 5 August 1915 London, England
    [br]
    English engineer who established many of the earliest public electricity-supply systems in Britain.
    [br]
    After an education at Nunhead Grammar School, Hammond founded engineering businesses in Middlesbrough and London. Obtaining the first concession from the Anglo- American Brush Company for the exploitation of their system in Britain, he was instrumental in popularizing the Brush arc-lighting generator. Schemes using this system, which he established at Chesterfield, Brighton, Eastbourne and Hastings in 1881–2, were the earliest public electricity-supply ventures in Britain. On the invention of the incandescent lamp, high-voltage Brush dynamos were employed to operate both arc and incandescent lamps. The limitations of this arrangement led Hammond to become the sole agent for the Ferranti alternator, introduced in 1882. Commencing practice as a consulting engineer, Hammond was responsible for the construction of many electricity works in the United Kingdom, of which the most notable were those at Leeds, Hackney (London) and Dublin, in addition to many abroad. Appreciating the need for trained engineers for the new electrical industry and profession then being created, in 1882 he established the Hammond Electrical Engineering College. Later, in association with Francis Ince, he founded Faraday House, a training school that pioneered the concept of "sandwich courses" for engineers. Between 1883 and 1903 he paid several visits to the United States to study developments in electric traction and was one of the advisers to the Postmaster General on the acquisition of the telephone companies.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1884, Electric Light in Our Homes, London (one of the first detailed accounts of electric lighting).
    1897, "Twenty five years" developments in central stations', Electrical Review 41:683–7 (surveys nineteenth-century public electricity supply).
    Further Reading
    F.W.Lipscomb, 1973, The Wise Men of the Wires, London (the story of Faraday House). B.Bowers, 1985, biography, in Dictionary of Business Biography, Vol. III, ed. J.Jeremy, London, pp. 21–2 (provides an account of Hammond's business ventures). J.D.Poulter, 1986, An Early History of 'Electricity Supply, London.
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Hammond, Robert

  • 15 Brush, Charles Francis

    [br]
    b. 17 March 1849 Euclid, Michigan, USA
    d. 15 June 1929 Cleveland, Ohio, USA
    [br]
    American engineer, inventor of a multiple electric arc lighting system and founder of the Brush Electric Company.
    [br]
    Brush graduated from the University of Michigan in 1869 and worked for several years as a chemist. Believing that electric arc lighting would be commercially successful if the equipment could be improved, he completed his first dynamo in 1875 and a simplified arc lamp. His original system operated a maximum of four lights, each on a separate circuit, from one dynamo. Brush envisaged a wider market for his product and by 1879 had available on arc lighting system principally intended for street and other outdoor illumination. He designed a dynamo that generated a high voltage and which, with a carbon-pile regulator, provided an almost constant current permitting the use of up to forty lamps on one circuit. He also improved arc lamps by incorporating a slipping-clutch regulating mechanism and automatic means of bringing into use a second set of carbons, thereby doubling the period between replacements.
    Brush's multiple electric arc lighting system was first demonstrated in Cleveland and by 1880 had been adopted in a number of American cities, including New York, Boston and Philadelphia. It was also employed in many European towns until incandescent lamps, for which the Brush dynamo was unsuitable, came into use. To market his apparatus, Brush promoted local lighting companies and thereby secured local capital.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1881. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Rumford Medal 1899. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1913.
    Bibliography
    18 May 1878, British patent no. 2,003 (Brush dynamo).
    11 March 1879, British patent no. 947 (arc lamp).
    26 February 1880, British patent no. 849 (current regulator).
    Further Reading
    J.W.Urquhart, 1891, Electric Light, London (for a detailed description of the Brush system).
    H.C.Passer, 1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 14– 21 (for the origins of the Brush Company).
    S.Steward, 1980, in Electrical Review, 206:34–5 (a short account).
    See also: Hammond, Robert
    GW

    Biographical history of technology > Brush, Charles Francis

  • 16 lámpara

    f.
    lamp.
    * * *
    1 lamp
    2 RADIO valve
    \
    lámpara de mesa table lamp
    lámpara de pie standard lamp
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) lamp
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (Elec) lamp, light; (Radio) valve, tube (EEUU)
    pl lámparas LAm (=ojos) eyes

    lámpara de alcohol — spirit lamp, alcohol lamp (EEUU)

    lámpara de bolsillo — torch, flashlight

    lámpara de soldar — blowlamp, blowtorch

    2) (=mancha) stain, dirty mark
    2.
    SMF Caribe (=ladrón) thief; (=estafador) con man *
    * * *
    femenino lamp
    * * *
    = valve, lamp, lighting fixture, light fitting, light fixture.
    Ex. Whilst valves work by passing electric currents through a vacuum between electrodes, transistors are built from materials called semiconductors.
    Ex. When the light began to fail she turned on a lamp next to the couch and continued the conversation with herself.
    Ex. Deuxville's main downtown library was beautifully decorated in rare woods and marbles, bronze lighting fixtures and stained glass.
    Ex. During the war, all of the light fittings on the bridge were screened as a blackout measure.
    Ex. By replacing the five most frequently used light fixtures in your home with energy-saving models, you can save more than $65 each year.
    ----
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * lámpara de Aladino = Aladdin's lamp.
    * lámpara de brazo = gooseneck lamp.
    * lámpara de escritorio = desk light.
    * lámpara de gas = gaslight, gas lamp.
    * lámpara de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.
    * lámpara de minero = miners' lamp.
    * lámpara de pie = standing lamp, floor lamp.
    * lámpara de rayos ultravioleta = ultraviolet lamp, sun lamp, UV lamp.
    * lámpara solar = sun lamp.
    * lámpara termiónica = thermionic tube.
    * lámpara trasera = rear lamp.
    * * *
    femenino lamp
    * * *
    = valve, lamp, lighting fixture, light fitting, light fixture.

    Ex: Whilst valves work by passing electric currents through a vacuum between electrodes, transistors are built from materials called semiconductors.

    Ex: When the light began to fail she turned on a lamp next to the couch and continued the conversation with herself.
    Ex: Deuxville's main downtown library was beautifully decorated in rare woods and marbles, bronze lighting fixtures and stained glass.
    Ex: During the war, all of the light fittings on the bridge were screened as a blackout measure.
    Ex: By replacing the five most frequently used light fixtures in your home with energy-saving models, you can save more than $65 each year.
    * a la luz de una lámpara de gas = by gaslight.
    * lámpara de Aladino = Aladdin's lamp.
    * lámpara de brazo = gooseneck lamp.
    * lámpara de escritorio = desk light.
    * lámpara de gas = gaslight, gas lamp.
    * lámpara de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.
    * lámpara de minero = miners' lamp.
    * lámpara de pie = standing lamp, floor lamp.
    * lámpara de rayos ultravioleta = ultraviolet lamp, sun lamp, UV lamp.
    * lámpara solar = sun lamp.
    * lámpara termiónica = thermionic tube.
    * lámpara trasera = rear lamp.

    * * *
    1 ( Elec) lamp
    lámpara eléctrica/de aceite/de alcohol electric/oil/spirit lamp
    2 ( Rad) valve
    Compuestos:
    ● lámpara de pie/mesa
    standard/table lamp
    blowtorch, blowlamp ( BrE)
    sun lamp
    votive lamp
    * * *

     

    lámpara sustantivo femenino
    lamp;
    ◊ lámpara de pie/mesa standard/table lamp

    lámpara sustantivo femenino lamp
    (de pie) standard lamp, US floor lamp

    ' lámpara' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    araña
    - cordón
    - descolgar
    - foco
    - genio
    - globo
    - halógena
    - halógeno
    - pantalla
    - pie
    - tulipa
    - alumbrar
    - antiguo
    - aplique
    - bajo
    - colgar
    - fijo
    - mover
    English:
    bedside lamp
    - burn
    - cord
    - desk lamp
    - floor lamp
    - lamp
    - lampshade
    - light
    - stand
    - sunbed
    - sunlamp
    - table lamp
    - valve
    - flash
    - standard
    - sun
    * * *
    1. [aparato] lamp
    lámpara de aceite oil lamp;
    la lámpara de Aladino Aladdin's lamp;
    lámpara de araña chandelier;
    lámpara de arco arc lamp;
    lámpara fluorescente fluorescent lamp;
    lámpara de gas gas lamp;
    lámpara halógena halogen lamp;
    lámpara de incandescencia incandescent lamp;
    lámpara de mesa table lamp;
    lámpara de neón neon light;
    lámpara de noche bedside lamp;
    lámpara de pie Br standard lamp, US floor lamp;
    lámpara de queroseno kerosene lamp;
    lámpara solar sun lamp;
    2. [bombilla] bulb
    3. Tec valve
    4. Fam [mancha] stain [of oil or grease]
    * * *
    f lamp
    * * *
    : lamp
    * * *
    lámpara n lamp

    Spanish-English dictionary > lámpara

  • 17 лампа

    lamp, light
    * * *
    ла́мпа ж.
    включа́ть ла́мпу в цепь [в схе́му] — bring a lamp into circuit
    ла́мпа га́снет — a lamp goes out
    ла́мпа гори́т вполнака́ла — a lamp is at half-glow
    ла́мпа загора́ется — a lamp illuminates [lights (up), comes on]
    ла́мпа загора́ется при напряже́нии (напр. 220 V [m2]) — a lamp starts on [from] (e. g., 220 V)
    ла́мпа не све́тится — the (signal) lamp is dark
    ла́мпа перегора́ет — a lamp blows
    ла́мпа рабо́тает от исто́чника то́ка напряже́нием (напр. 220 V) — a lamp runs on [from] (e. g., 220 V)
    ла́мпа све́тится — the (signal) lamp is lighted [illuminated, ON]
    уме́ньшить нака́л ла́мпы — dim a lamp [a light]
    2. радио брит. valve; амер. tube (Примечание. В современной английской литературе наблюдается тенденция пользоваться термином tube)
    включа́ть ла́мпу в цепь [в схе́му] — bring a valve [a tube] into circuit
    включа́ть ла́мпу по схе́ме с о́бщим като́дом — connect a valve [a tube] in a common-cathode circuit
    запира́ть ла́мпу по (напр. аноду, сетке и т. п.) — cut off a valve [a tube] on (e. g., the anode, grid, etc.)
    пока́чивать ла́мпу — rock [jiggle] a valve [a tube]
    ла́мпа с «га́зом» жарг. — the valve [the tube] is “gassy”
    ла́мпа авари́йной сигнализа́ции — alarm lamp, alarm light
    бактерици́дная ла́мпа — germicidal lamp
    ла́мпа бегу́щей волны́ [ЛБВ] — travelling wave valve, travelling wave tube, TWT
    биспира́льная ла́мпа — coiled-coil lamp
    ве́нтильная ла́мпа — rectifier valve, rectifier tube, valve tube
    вибросто́йкая ла́мпа — vibration-service lamp
    вихрева́я ла́мпа — vortex valve, vortex tube
    вольфра́мовая ла́мпа — tungsten lamp
    вольфра́мово-гало́идная ла́мпа — tungsten-halogen lamp
    вызывна́я ла́мпа тлф. — calling lamp; ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) line lamp
    выпрями́тельная ла́мпа — rectifier valve, rectifier tube
    выпрями́тельная, одноано́дная ла́мпа — single-anode rectifier valve, single-anode rectifier tube
    высокова́куумная ла́мпа — high-vacuum [hard] valve, high-vacuum [hard] tube
    высоково́льтная ла́мпа — high-voltage lamp
    ла́мпа высо́кого давле́ния — high-pressure lamp
    ла́мпа высо́кого давле́ния с пара́ми мета́ллов — high-pressure metal-vapour lamp
    высокочасто́тная ла́мпа — high-frequency [h.f.] valve, radio-frequency [r-f] tube
    газопо́лная ла́мпа — gas-filled lamp
    газоразря́дная ла́мпа — (gaseous-)discharge lamp
    газосве́тная ла́мпа — glow-discharge lamp
    генера́торная ла́мпа — transmitting valve, transmitting tube
    головна́я ла́мпа горн. — head [cap] lamp
    двухано́дная ла́мпа — double-anode valve, double-plate tube
    двухлучева́я ла́мпа — double-beam valve, double-beam tube
    двухсве́тная ла́мпа авто — double-filament [bifilar, two-filament] bulb
    двухсе́точная ла́мпа ( с катодной сеткой) — space-charge tetrode
    двухцо́кольная ла́мпа — double-base [double-ended] valve, double-base [double-ended] tube
    двухэлектро́дная ла́мпа — two-electrode valve, two-electrode tube
    дека́дная ла́мпа — decade counting valve, decade counting tube
    де́мпферная ла́мпа — damper valve, damper tube
    дете́кторная ла́мпа — detector valve, detector tube
    ла́мпа дневно́го све́та — daylight lamp
    дугова́я ла́мпа — arc lamp
    ла́мпа дугово́го разря́да — arc-discharge lamp
    ла́мпа Дэ́ви горн. — Davy lamp
    жё́сткая ла́мпа — hard [high-vacuum] valve, hard [high-vacuum] tube
    задаю́щая ла́мпа — driver valve, driver tube
    ла́мпа за́нятости свз. — busy [engaged] lamp
    ла́мпа за́нятости всех реги́стров свз. — all-senders-busy lamp
    запи́сывающая ла́мпа — recording lamp
    зерка́льная ла́мпа — reflector lamp
    и́мпульсная ла́мпа — flash lamp, flash tube
    инве́рторная ла́мпа — inverter valve, inverter tube
    индика́торная ла́мпа — indicating [signal] lamp, indicating light
    индика́торная, цифрова́я ла́мпа — numerical read-out [digital indicator] tube
    ла́мпа инфракра́сного излуче́ния — infra-red lamp, IR-lamp
    ио́нная ла́мпа — gas-filled valve, gas-filled tube
    ква́рцевая ла́мпа — quartz lamp
    кинопроекцио́нная ла́мпа — projection lamp
    комбини́рованная ла́мпа — multi-unit [multiple, multisection] valve, multiunit [multiple, multisection] tube
    коммута́торная ла́мпа — switchboard lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа — pilot [supervisory, indicating] lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа включе́ния да́льнего све́та фар — high-beam headlight [headlight main-beam] indicator, blue control [beam indicator] lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа заря́дки — charge indicator lamp
    контро́льная ла́мпа сигна́ла поворо́та — turn-signal control lamp
    ла́мпа контро́ля вре́мени тлф. — time-check lamp
    копирова́льная ла́мпа кфт. — printer lamp
    ла́мпа ко́свенного нака́ла — indirectly-heated [heater] valve, indirectly-heated [heater] tube
    кра́терная ла́мпа — crater lamp
    люминесце́нтная ла́мпа — luminescent lamp
    манипуля́торная ла́мпа — keying [keyer] valve, keying [keyer] tube
    мати́рованная ла́мпа — frosted lamp
    маячко́вая ла́мпа — lighthouse tube, disk-seal tube
    мига́ющая ла́мпа указа́теля поворо́та — flasher [turn indicator] bulb
    многосе́точная ла́мпа — multigrid valve, multigrid tube
    многоэлектро́дная ла́мпа — multielectrode valve, multielectrode tube
    модуля́торная ла́мпа — modulator valve, modulator tube
    мя́гкая ла́мпа — soft [low-vacuum, gassy] valve, soft [low-vacuum, gassy] tube
    ла́мпа нака́ливания — incandescent [filament] lamp
    ла́мпа нака́ливания с йо́дным ци́клом — iodine-cycle incandescent lamp
    ла́мпа нака́чки ( лазера) — pump(ing) lamp, pump tube
    ла́мпа нака́чки, и́мпульсная ( лазера) — pump(ing) flashtube
    ла́мпа нака́чки непреры́вного излуче́ния ( лазера) — continuous pump(ing) lamp, continuous pump(ing) tube
    на́триевая ла́мпа — sodium (vapour) lamp
    нео́новая ла́мпа — neon-filled [neon-glow] lamp, neon tube
    неразбо́рная ла́мпа — permanently sealed tube
    ла́мпа номерно́го зна́ка — licence plate lamp
    ла́мпа обра́тной волны́ — backward-wave valve, backward-wave tube, BWT
    общевызывна́я ла́мпа ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) — pilot lamp
    однонитева́я ла́мпа — single-filament [one-filament] bulb
    опа́ловая ла́мпа — opal lamp
    ла́мпа опти́ческой нака́чки ( лазера) — optical pump(ing) lamp, optical pump(ing) tube
    освети́тельная ла́мпа — illuminating [lighting] lamp
    ла́мпа освеще́ния подно́жки авто — courtesy lamp
    отбо́йная ла́мпа тлф. — clearing lamp; ( коммутатора системы ЦБ) supervisory lamp
    па́льчиковая ла́мпа — small-button glass [bantam] tube
    паросве́тная ла́мпа — metal vapour lamp
    пая́льная ла́мпа — brazing [blow, soldering] torch
    перека́льная ла́мпа кфт. — photoflood
    ла́мпа переме́нной ё́мкости — variable-capacitance valve, variable-capacitance tube
    ла́мпа переме́нной крутизны́ — variable-mu valve, variable-mu tube
    перено́сная ла́мпа — hand [inspection, portable] lamp
    плоскоэлектро́дная ла́мпа — planar-electrode valve, planar-electrode tube
    пневмоэлектри́ческая ла́мпа — compressed air electric lamp
    ла́мпа подсве́та шкалы́ — dial lamp
    подсве́чивающая ла́мпа — bright-up [exciter] lamp
    попере́чно-лучева́я ла́мпа — transverse-current valve, transverse-current tube
    ла́мпа после́довательного включе́ния — series lamp
    предохрани́тельная ла́мпа эл. — safety lamp
    преобразова́тельная ла́мпа — converter tube, heterodyne conversion transducer
    ла́мпа прибо́рного щитка́ — panel lamp, panel light, dash(-board) [facial] light, instrument [instrument cluster] lamp
    приё́мно-передаю́щая широкополо́сная ла́мпа — broadband TR valve, broadband TR tube
    приё́мно-усили́тельная ла́мпа — receiving valve, receiving tube
    проекцио́нная ла́мпа — projector lamp
    промежу́точная ла́мпа — intertube
    ла́мпа прямо́го нака́ла — directly heated [battery, filamentary-cathode] valve, directly heated [battery, filamentary-cathode] tube
    пятиэлектро́дная ла́мпа — five-electrode tube, pentode
    радиа́льно-лучева́я ла́мпа — radial-beam valve, radial-beam tube
    радиоусили́тельная ла́мпа — amplifying valve, amplifying tube
    разбо́рная ла́мпа — demountable [knock-down] valve, demountable [assembled, knock-down] tube
    раздели́тельная ла́мпа — pulse separator valve, pulse separator tube
    разря́дная ла́мпа — discharge lamp
    реакти́вная ла́мпа — reactance valve, reactance tube
    ла́мпа регули́руемого усиле́ния — fading tube, fading hexode
    регули́рующая ла́мпа — control valve, control tube
    ла́мпа резнатро́нного ти́па — resnatron
    резона́нсная ла́мпа — resonance (fluorescence) lamp
    рефле́кторная ла́мпа — reflector lamp
    рту́тная ла́мпа — mercury(-vapour) lamp
    рту́тная, дугова́я ла́мпа — mercury-arc lamp
    ла́мпа с автоэлектро́нной эми́ссией — cold-cathode valve, cold-cathode tube
    сверхминиатю́рная ла́мпа — subminiature valve, subminiature tube
    ла́мпа с ве́рхним вы́водом — anode-cap valve, plate-cap tube
    светодио́дная ла́мпа — light-emitting-diode [LED] lamp
    светомаскиро́вочная ла́мпа — black-out lamp
    ла́мпа с водяны́м охлажде́нием — water-cooled valve, water-cooled tube
    ла́мпа с вольфра́мовой ни́тью — tungsten lamp
    ла́мпа с втори́чной эми́ссией — secondary-emission valve, secondary-emission tube
    ла́мпа СВЧ ( не путать с ла́мпой сантиметро́вого диапазо́на) — microwave valve, microwave tube (not to be confused with a SHF valve or tube)
    ла́мпа свя́зи (в схеме, напр. приёмника) — coupling valve, coupling tube
    сдво́енная ла́мпа — dual valve, dual tube
    ла́мпа с ди́сковыми вы́водами — disk-seal valve, disk-seal tube
    сигна́льная ла́мпа — indicating [signal] lamp, indicating light
    сигна́льная ла́мпа свобо́дной ли́нии — idle indicating lamp, free line signal
    ла́мпа с като́дной се́ткой — space-charge valve, space-charge tube
    смеси́тельная ла́мпа — mixer valve, mixer tube
    ла́мпа с металли́ческой ни́тью — metal-filament lamp
    ла́мпа смеша́нного све́та — mixed-light lamp
    ла́мпа смеще́ния — bias valve, bias tube
    ла́мпа с накалё́нным като́дом — hot-cathode [thermionic] valve, hot-cathode [thermionic] tube
    ла́мпа со скоростно́й модуля́цией — velocity-modulation valve, velocity-modulation tube
    ла́мпа с отклоня́емым лучо́м — beam-deflection valve, beam-deflection tube
    ла́мпа с отрица́тельным сопротивле́нием — negative-resistance valve, negative-resistance tube
    софи́тная ла́мпа — double-ended lamp
    спектра́льная ла́мпа — spectral [spectroscopic] lamp
    спира́льно-лучева́я ла́мпа — spiral-beam valve, spiral-beam tube
    ла́мпа с пло́скими электро́дами — planar-electrode valve, planar-electrode tube
    ла́мпа с подвижны́м ано́дом — movable-anode valve, movable-plate tube
    ла́мпа с подогре́вным като́дом — cathode-heater valve, cathode-heater tube
    ла́мпа с попере́чным управле́нием — babitron valve, babitron tube
    ла́мпа с просто́й спира́льной ни́тью — single-coil lamp
    ла́мпа с се́точным управле́нием — grid-control valve, grid-control tube
    стерилизацио́нная ла́мпа — sterilamp
    ла́мпа с тормозя́щим по́лем — retarding field valve, retarding field tube
    строби́рующая ла́мпа — gate valve, gate tube
    стробоскопи́ческая ла́мпа — stroboscopic tube
    ла́мпа с ту́склым нака́лом — dull-emitter valve, dull-emitter tube
    ла́мпа с у́гольной ни́тью — carbon (filament) lamp
    ла́мпа с удлинё́нной характери́стикой — remote-cut-off valve, remote-cut-off tube
    сумми́рующая ла́мпа — adder valve, adder tube
    ла́мпа с холо́дным като́дом — cold-cathode valve, cold-cathode tube
    счё́тная ла́мпа — counting tube
    счё́тная, десяти́чная ла́мпа — decimal counting tube
    термокато́дная ла́мпа — hot-cathode [thermionic] valve, hot-cathode [thermionic] tube
    термоэлектро́нная ла́мпа — thermionic valve, thermionic tube
    ла́мпа тле́ющего разря́да — glow-discharge tube
    то́чечная ла́мпа — point-source lamp
    у́гольная ла́мпа — carbon (filament) lamp
    ударопро́чная ла́мпа — rough-service lamp
    ла́мпа ультрафиоле́тового излуче́ния — ultra-violet lamp, UV-lamp
    управля́ющая ла́мпа — control valve, control tube
    усили́тельная ла́мпа — amplifying valve, amplifying tube
    фикси́рующая ла́мпа — clamping valve, clamping tube
    цветна́я ла́мпа — coloured lamp
    цельнометалли́ческая ла́мпа — all-metal tube
    четырёхэлектро́дная ла́мпа — four-electrode valve, four-electrode tube, tetrode
    чита́ющая ла́мпа кфт. — exciter lamp
    ша́говая ла́мпа — step valve, step tube
    шнурова́я ла́мпа тлф. — cord lamp
    шумова́я ла́мпа тлф. — noisy valve, noisy tube
    электри́ческая ла́мпа — electric lamp, electric bulb
    электролюминесце́нтная ла́мпа — electroluminescent lamp
    электрометри́ческая ла́мпа — electrometer tube, tube electrometer
    электро́нная ла́мпа ( в отличие от ионной лампы) — vacuum valve, vacuum tube (as distinct from a gas-filled tube)
    электроннолучева́я ла́мпа ( не путать с электроннолучево́й тру́бкой, ЭЛТ) — electron-ray tube, “magic eye” (not to be confused with cathode-ray tube, CRT)
    эрите́мная ла́мпа — sunlamp
    этало́нная ла́мпа — comparison [standard] lamp

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > лампа

  • 18 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 19 Sperry, Elmer Ambrose

    [br]
    b. 21 October 1860 Cincinnatus, Cortland County, New York, USA
    d. 16 June 1930 Brooklyn, New York, USA
    [br]
    American entrepreneur who invented the gyrocompass.
    [br]
    Sperry was born into a farming community in Cortland County. He received a rudimentary education at the local school, but an interest in mechanical devices was aroused by the agricultural machinery he saw around him. His attendance at the Normal School in Cortland provided a useful theoretical background to his practical knowledge. He emerged in 1880 with an urge to pursue invention in electrical engineering, then a new and growing branch of technology. Within two years he was able to patent and demonstrate his arc lighting system, complete with its own generator, incorporating new methods of regulating its output. The Sperry Electric Light, Motor and Car Brake Company was set up to make and market the system, but it was difficult to keep pace with electric-lighting developments such as the incandescent lamp and alternating current, and the company ceased in 1887 and was replaced by the Sperry Electric Company, which itself was taken over by the General Electric Company.
    In the 1890s Sperry made useful inventions in electric mining machinery and then in electric street-or tramcars, with his patent electric brake and control system. The patents for the brake were important enough to be bought by General Electric. From 1894 to 1900 he was manufacturing electric motor cars of his own design, and in 1900 he set up a laboratory in Washington, where he pursued various electrochemical processes.
    In 1896 he began to work on the practical application of the principle of the gyroscope, where Sperry achieved his most notable inventions, the first of which was the gyrostabilizer for ships. The relatively narrow-hulled steamship rolled badly in heavy seas and in 1904 Ernst Otto Schuck, a German naval engineer, and Louis Brennan in England began experiments to correct this; their work stimulated Sperry to develop his own device. In 1908 he patented the active gyrostabilizer, which acted to correct a ship's roll as soon as it started. Three years later the US Navy agreed to try it on a destroyer, the USS Worden. The successful trials of the following year led to widespread adoption. Meanwhile, in 1910, Sperry set up the Sperry Gyroscope Company to extend the application to commercial shipping.
    At the same time, Sperry was working to apply the gyroscope principle to the ship's compass. The magnetic compass had worked well in wooden ships, but iron hulls and electrical machinery confused it. The great powers' race to build up their navies instigated an urgent search for a solution. In Germany, Anschütz-Kämpfe (1872–1931) in 1903 tested a form of gyrocompass and was encouraged by the authorities to demonstrate the device on the German flagship, the Deutschland. Its success led Sperry to develop his own version: fortunately for him, the US Navy preferred a home-grown product to a German one and gave Sperry all the backing he needed. A successful trial on a destroyer led to widespread acceptance in the US Navy, and Sperry was soon receiving orders from the British Admiralty and the Russian Navy.
    In the rapidly developing field of aeronautics, automatic stabilization was becoming an urgent need. In 1912 Sperry began work on a gyrostabilizer for aircraft. Two years later he was able to stage a spectacular demonstration of such a device at an air show near Paris.
    Sperry continued research, development and promotion in military and aviation technology almost to the last. In 1926 he sold the Sperry Gyroscope Company to enable him to devote more time to invention.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    John Fritz Medal 1927. President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1928.
    Bibliography
    Sperry filed over 400 patents, of which two can be singled out: 1908. US patent no. 434,048 (ship gyroscope); 1909. US patent no. 519,533 (ship gyrocompass set).
    Further Reading
    T.P.Hughes, 1971, Elmer Sperry, Inventor and Engineer, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press (a full and well-documented biography, with lists of his patents and published writings).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Sperry, Elmer Ambrose

  • 20 encenderse

    1 (incendiarse) to catch fire, ignite
    2 (luz) to go on, come on; (llama) to flare up
    3 figurado (excitarse) to flare up
    4 figurado (ruborizarse) to blush, go red
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VPR
    1) (=prenderse) to light

    ¿cuándo se encienden las luces? — when is lighting-up time?

    2) [cara, ojos] to light up
    3) [persona] (=exaltarse) to get excited; (=ruborizarse) to blush; (=estallar) to break out

    encenderse de ira — to flare up with rage, fly into a temper

    * * *
    (v.) = light up
    Ex. Toys are grouped into the following categories: (1) toys that light up or sing; (2) toys that catch your eye; (3) toys that shake, rattle, and roll; (4) switch toys; and (5) toys for the creative artist.
    * * *
    (v.) = light up

    Ex: Toys are grouped into the following categories: (1) toys that light up or sing; (2) toys that catch your eye; (3) toys that shake, rattle, and roll; (4) switch toys; and (5) toys for the creative artist.

    * * *

    ■encenderse verbo reflexivo
    1 (un fuego) to catch
    (una luz) to come on
    2 (acalorarse) to get heated
    3 Lit (el rostro) to blush, go red
    ' encenderse' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    encender
    English:
    fire
    - flare
    - go on
    - ignite
    - light
    - come
    - switch
    * * *
    vpr
    1. [fuego, gas] to ignite;
    [luz, bombilla, estufa] to come on; [llama, piloto] to light;
    se encendió en ella la llama de la venganza the desire for revenge was kindled within her
    2. [persona, rostro] to go red, to blush;
    [ojos] to light up; [de ira] to flare up;
    cuando oigo estas cosas me enciendo I get really mad when I hear things like that
    3. [guerra, contienda] to break out
    * * *
    v/r
    1 de luz, televisión come on
    2 fig
    :
    se le encendió la cara her face went bright red;
    se le encendió la sangre his blood boiled;
    encenderse de rabia be furious, be incandescent with rage lit
    * * *
    vr
    1) : to get excited
    2) : to blush
    * * *
    encenderse vb to come on [pt. came; pp. come]

    Spanish-English dictionary > encenderse

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См. также в других словарях:

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